TANAMAN JAMU MENGANDUNG ANTIMIKROBA

Daftar Tanaman yang mengandung senyawa anti mikroba

Common name	Scientific name	Compound	Class	Activityd	Relative toxicityb	Reference(s)c
Alfalfa	Medicago sativa	?		Gram-positive organisms	2.3
Allspice	Pimenta dioica	Eugenol	Essential oil	General	2.5
Aloe	Aloe barbadensis,Aloe vera	Latex	Complex mixture	Corynebacterium, Salmonella,Streptococcus, S. aureus	2.7	136
Apple	Malus sylvestris	Phloretin	Flavonoid derivative	General	3.0	101
Ashwagandha	Withania somniferum	Withafarin A	Lactone	Bacteria, fungi	0.0
Aveloz	Euphorbia tirucalli	?		S. aureus	0.0
Bael tree	Aegle marmelos	Essential oil	Terpenoid	Fungi		179
Balsam pear	Momordica charantia	?		General	1.0
Barberry	Berberis vulgaris	Berberine	Alkaloid	Bacteria, protozoa	2.0	140, 163
Basil	Ocimum basilicum	Essential oils	Terpenoids	Salmonella, bacteria	2.5	241
Bay	Laurus nobilis	Essential oils	Terpenoids	Bacteria, fungi	0.7
Betel pepper	Piper betel	Catechols, eugenol	Essential oils	General	1.0
Black pepper	Piper nigrum	Piperine	Alkaloid	Fungi, Lactobacillus,Micrococcus, E. coli, E. faecalis	1.0	78
Blueberry	Vaccinium spp.	Fructose	Monosaccharide	E. coli		158
Brazilian pepper tree	Schinus terebinthifolius	Terebinthone	Terpenoids	General	1.0
Buchu	Barosma setulina	Essential oil	Terpenoid	General	2.0
Burdock	Arctium lappa		Polyacetylene, tannins, terpenoids	Bacteria, fungi, viruses	2.3
Buttercup	Ranunculus bulbosus	Protoanemonin	Lactone	General	2.0
Caraway	Carum carvi		Coumarins	Bacteria, fungi, viruses		24, 26, 83, 193
Cascara sagrada	Rhamnus purshiana	Tannins	Polyphenols	Viruses, bacteria, fungi	1.0
			Anthraquinone
Cashew	Anacardium pulsatilla	Salicylic acids	Polyphenols	P. acnes
				Bacteria, fungi		91
Castor bean	Ricinus communis	?		General	0.0
Ceylon cinnamon	Cinnamomum verum	Essential oils, others	Terpenoids, tannins	General	2.0
Chamomile	Matricaria chamomilla	Anthemic acid	Phenolic acid	M. tuberculosis, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, helminths	2.3	26, 83, 193
		—	Coumarins	Viruses		24
Chapparal	Larrea tridentata	Nordihydroguaiaretic acid	Lignan	Skin bacteria	2.0
Chili peppers, paprika	Capsicum annuum	Capsaicin	Terpenoid	Bacteria	2.0	42, 107
Clove	Syzygium aromaticum	Eugenol	Terpenoid	General	1.7
Coca	Erythroxylum coca	Cocaine	Alkaloid	Gram-negative and -positive cocci	0.5
Cockle	Agrostemma githago	?		General	1.0
Coltsfoot	Tussilago farfara	?		General	2.0
Coriander, cilantro	Coriandrum sativum	?		Bacteria, fungi
Cranberry	Vaccinium spp.	Fructose	Monosaccharide	Bacteria		17, 158, 159
		Other
Dandelion	Taraxacum officinale	?		C. albicans, S. cerevisiae	2.7
Dill	Anethum graveolens	Essential oil	Terpenoid	Bacteria	3.0
Echinacea	Echinaceae angustifolia	?		General		153
Eucalyptus	Eucalyptus globulus	Tannin	Polyphenol	Bacteria, viruses	1.5
		—	Terpenoid
Fava bean	Vicia faba	Fabatin	Thionin	Bacteria
Gamboge	Garcinia hanburyi		Resin	General	0.5
Garlic	Allium sativum	Allicin, ajoene	Sulfoxide	General		150, 187, 188
			Sulfated terpenoids			250
Ginseng	Panax notoginseng		Saponins	E. coli, Sporothrix schenckii,Staphylococcus, Trichophyton	2.7
Glory lily	Gloriosa superba	Colchicine	Alkaloid	General	0.0
Goldenseal	Hydrastis canadensis	Berberine, hydrastine	Alkaloids	Bacteria, Giardia duodenale, trypanosomes	2.0	73
				Plasmodia		163
Gotu kola	Centella asiatica	Asiatocoside	Terpenoid	M. leprae	1.7
Grapefruit peel	Citrus paradisa		Terpenoid	Fungi		209
Green tea	Camellia sinensis	Catechin	Flavonoid	General	2.0
				Shigella		235
				Vibrio		226
				S. mutans		166
				Viruses		113
Harmel, rue	Peganum harmala	?		Bacteria, fungi	1.0
Hemp	Cannabis sativa	β-Resercyclic acid	Organic acid	Bacteria and viruses	1.0
Henna	Lawsonia inermis	Gallic acid	Phenolic	S. aureus	1.5
Hops	Humulus lupulus	Lupulone, humulone	Phenolic acids	General	2.3
		—	(Hemi)terpenoids
Horseradish	Armoracia rusticana		Terpenoids	General
Hyssop	Hyssopus officinalis	—	Terpenoids	Viruses
(Japanese) herb	Rabdosia trichocarpa	Trichorabdal A	Terpene	Helicobacter pylori		108
Lantana	Lantana camara	?		General	1.0
—	Lawsonia	Lawsone	Quinone	M. tuberculosis	—
Lavender-cotton	Santolina chamaecyparissus	?		Gram-positive bacteria,Candida	1.0	213
Legume (West Africa)	Millettia thonningii	Alpinumisoflavone	Flavone	Schistosoma		175
Lemon balm	Melissa officinalis	Tannins	Polyphenols	Viruses		245
Lemon verbena	Aloysia triphylla	Essential oil	Terpenoid	Ascaris	1.5
			?	E. coli, M. tuberculosis, S. aureus
Licorice	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Glabrol	Phenolic alcohol	S. aureus, M. tuberculosis	2.0
Lucky nut, yellow	Thevetia peruviana	?		Plasmodium	0.0
Mace, nutmeg	Myristica fragrans	?		General	1.5
Marigold	Calendula officinalis	?		Bacteria	2.7
Mesquite	Prosopis juliflora	?		General	1.5
Mountain tobacco	Arnica montana	Helanins	Lactones	General	2.0
Oak	Quercus rubra	Tannins	Polyphenols
		Quercetin (available commercially)	Flavonoid			113
Olive oil	Olea europaea	Hexanal	Aldehyde	General		120
Onion	Allium cepa	Allicin	Sulfoxide	Bacteria, Candida		239
Orange peel	Citrus sinensis	?	Terpenoid	Fungi		209
Oregon grape	Mahonia aquifolia	Berberine	Alkaloid	Plasmodium	2.0	163
				Trypansomes, general		73
Pao d’arco	Tabebuia	Sesquiterpenes	Terpenoids	Fungi	1.0
Papaya	Carica papaya	Latex	Mix of terpenoids, organic acids, alkaloids	General	3.0	34, 168, 191
Pasque-flower	Anemone pulsatilla	Anemonins	Lactone	Bacteria	0.5
Peppermint	Mentha piperita	Menthol	Terpenoid	General
Periwinkle	Vinca minor	Reserpine	Alkaloid	General	1.5
Peyote	Lophophora williamsii	Mescaline	Alkaloid	General	1.5
Poinsettia	Euphorbia pulcherrima	?		General	0.0
Poppy	Papaver somniferum	Opium	Alkaloids and others	General	0.5
Potato	Solanum tuberosum	?		Bacteria, fungi	2.0
Prostrate knotweed	Polygonum aviculare	?		General	2.0
Purple prairie clover	Petalostemum	Petalostemumol	Flavonol	Bacteria, fungi		100
Quinine	Cinchona sp.	Quinine	Alkaloid	Plasmodium spp.	2.0
Rauvolfia, chandra	Rauvolfia serpentina	Reserpine	Alkaloid	General	1.0
Rosemary	Rosmarinus officinalis	Essential oil	Terpenoid	General	2.3
Sainfoin	Onobrychis viciifolia	Tannins	Polyphenols	Ruminal bacteria		105
Sassafras	Sassafras albidum	?		Helminths	2.0
Savory	Satureja montana	Carvacrol	Terpenoid	General	2.0	6
Senna	Cassia angustifolia	Rhein	Anthraquinone	S. aureus	2.0
Smooth hydrangea, seven barks	Hydrangea arborescens	?		General	2.3
Snakeplant	Rivea corymbosa	?		General	1.0
St. John’s wort	Hypericum perforatum	Hypericin, others	Anthraquinone	General	1.7
Sweet flag, calamus	Acorus calamus	?		Enteric bacteria	0.7
Tansy	Tanacetum vulgare	Essential oils	Terpenoid	Helminths, bacteria	2.0
Tarragon	Artemisia dracunculus	Caffeic acids, tannins	Terpenoid	Viruses, helminths	2.5
			Polyphenols			245
Thyme	Thymus vulgaris	Caffeic acid	Terpenoid	Viruses, bacteria, fungi	2.5
		Thymol	Phenolic alcohol
		Tannins	Polyphenols
		—	Flavones
Tree bard	Podocarpus nagi	Totarol	Flavonol	P. acnes, other gram-positive bacteria		123
		Nagilactone	Lactone	Fungi		121
						122
Tua-Tua	Jatropha gossyphiifolia	?		General	0.0
Turmeric	Curcuma longa	Curcumin	Terpenoids	Bacteria, protozoa		14
		Turmeric oil
Valerian	Valeriana officinalis	Essential oil	Terpenoid	General	2.7
Willow	Salix alba	Salicin	Phenolic glucoside
		Tannins	Polyphenols
		Essential oil	Terpenoid
Wintergreen	Gaultheria procumbens	Tannins	Polyphenols	General	1.0
Woodruff	Galium odoratum	—	Coumarin	General	3.0	26, 83, 193
				Viruses		24
Yarrow	Achillea millefolium	?		Viruses, helminths	2.3
Yellow dock	Rumex crispus	?		E. coli, Salmonella,Staphylococcus	1.0

^aPlants with activity only against HIV are listed in Table ​Table66. 

^b0, very safe; 3, very toxic. Data from reference 58. 

^cTable is based on data compiled from references 58 and 224; additional references are listed here. 

^d“General” denotes activity against multiple types of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and protozoa), and “bacteria” denotes activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 

ref
1.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88925/